Brushed motors are cheaper, simpler and give smooth low-speed control, which suits beginners and many crawlers, but their brushes wear and they waste more energy as heat. Brushless motors are faster, more efficient and nearly maintenance-free, and need a brushless speed controller. Brushless power is rated in kV (rpm per volt); brushed motors by turns, where fewer turns means more speed.
The motor sets how fast an RC car is, how long it runs and how it feels at low speed. Here is how the two motor types compare.
Side by side
| Brushed | Brushless | |
|---|---|---|
| Cost | Lower | Higher |
| Speed and power | Moderate | High |
| Efficiency and runtime | Lower | Higher |
| Maintenance | Brushes and commutator wear | Bearings only |
| Low-speed smoothness | Smooth | Smooth if sensored |
| Rating | Turns (for example 12T, 27T) | kV (rpm per volt) |
| ESC | Brushed ESC | Brushless ESC |
Reading the numbers
- Brushed turns. Fewer turns means more speed and current draw: a 12-turn motor is faster than a 27-turn motor, which is gentler and runs cooler.
- Brushless kV. Higher kV spins faster per volt. In a car, lower-kV motors on higher voltage are common for big power with less heat.
- Can size. Motors are sized for the vehicle scale, such as 540 for most 1/10 cars and larger cans for 1/8.
Matching the system
Motor, ESC and battery must agree. The ESC must support the battery’s cell count, the motor’s current draw and the motor type. Our LiPo battery guide explains cell counts.
Gearing and heat
More motor speed with taller gearing raises heat. Check motor temperature after a run; many makers suggest staying below about 160 to 180°F. If it runs hotter, gear down.
When to upgrade
Upgrade to brushless when you want more speed or runtime and the drivetrain can take it. Stock plastic gears and driveshafts may need upgrades too. If you are still choosing a car, start with how to choose your first RC car.
Browse power and upgrades.
Common questions
Is brushless always better than brushed?
For speed and efficiency, yes. For a cheap first car or slow, precise crawling, a good brushed motor is often enough.
What does kV mean on a brushless motor?
Rpm per volt with no load. A 3,000 kV motor on 7.4 volts spins about 22,200 rpm unloaded.
Can I put a brushless motor on my brushed ESC?
No. Brushless motors need a brushless ESC. Upgrades usually swap both as a combo.
What is a sensored brushless motor?
It has a sensor cable that tells the ESC the rotor position, giving smoother low-speed control. Popular for crawlers and racing.